The Coffee Journey Evolution Has Shaped Our Drinking Habit
A fascinating history surrounds coffee. The bean has been smuggled past authoritarian governments and royals to transform nations and economies. Ethiopian beans are the second-most-traded commodity.
Who discovered coffee? Time-and-continent-hopping awaits.
Coffee’s origins
Coffee’s origins are Simple. Ethiopian-born. Bean went global. Investigating. After steadily spreading from Africa, Europe and Asia grew and harvested coffee.
Coffee’s Discoverer: Dancing Goats
Kaldi and his goats invented the bean in approximately 700 AD. Kaldi’s goats were acting suspiciously in Ethiopia. Dancing is uncommon in the herd of goats. Kaldi determined that red berries prompted their odd behaviour. He told a monk about the supernatural fruit, who was excited to use it to pray all night. Kaldi supposedly gave the beans to a monk, who burned them. The resulting aroma was that of roasted coffee. Ground and boiled beans make coffee.
The Coffee Journey Evolution Has Shaped Our Drinking Habit
Mideast
Even if Kaldi’s story is false, Ethiopia sent coffee. The next step is known. In the 15th century, Yemen imported coffee. First was Mocha. Due to coffee’s popularity and port city shipping, mocha became associated with coffee. Do you know where “mocha” comes from?
Egypt, Persia, and Turkey all drank Yemeni coffee. Araby’s wine. The drink grew in popularity as coffee shops appeared across Arabia. Coffee houses were “Schools of the Wise.” Info hubs. Social centres. Mecca’s court outlawed coffee because of its stimulating effects. Cairo, Egypt, and Ethiopia share the same issues. Coffee was persecuted before the removal of the bans. Arab’s streets erupted until coffee drinkers won.
Europe/Asia
Coffee’s journey to India, Indonesia, and Europe changes history. Asia’s coffee was Arabia’s. Yemen exported coffee. The authorities wanted it that way and forbade anyone from planting bean trees. In 1670, the Indian Sufi pilgrim Baba Budan travelled to Mecca. Baba Budan smuggled coffee beans to India to grow. Southern India began coffee growing with these beans.
The Coffee Journey Evolution Has Shaped Our Drinking Habit
In the late 1600s, the Dutch grew coffee.
The Dutch imported coffee plants from Yemen decades ago, but the cold temperatures killed them.
Java’s Dutch Governor got coffee seedlings from Ceylon (now Sri Lanka).
After natural disasters damaged their initial coffee crops in 1704, farmers cultivated additional seedlings, and Indonesian coffee became popular. The coffee term is Java. Coffee expanded to Sumatra and Celebes, increasing Indonesia’s coffee production.
Europeans drink coffee.
Venice became famous for coffee in 1570. Pope Clement VIII condemned it in 1615. He christened the drink after inspecting it. England, Austria, France, Germany, and Holland opened coffee-houses in the 1600s. These places became centres for political debate and conversation, like Arabian coffee shops. England popularised penny universities.
Public encounters can reveal coffee prices. Edward Lloyd’s Coffee House became a major insurer. The first Oxford coffee club opens. This place became the Oxford Coffee Club, where people talked. The Oxford Coffee Club developed to become the Royal Society. Englishmen liked coffee houses.
When not working, they were in cafés or pubs. Women were angry because their husbands never came home, drank coffee, and discussed religion and politics. 1674: Women tried to ban coffee from bringing men home.
In 1669, a Turkish ambassador brought coffee to France. Louis XIV’s court loved it, and Paris soon followed. After Vienna (1683), The Blue Bottle opened. Turkish travellers were given more coffee. He opened a coffee shop and popularised milk and sugar.
First American coffee
Coffee’s final frontier. The little beans had conquered Africa, the Indian Ocean, and Europe.
TRANSATLANTIC
Early 18th-century Dutch generosity changed coffee cultivation permanently. In 1714, Amsterdam’s mayor gave King Louis XIV a coffee plant. The Dutch could only cultivate coffee in greenhouses. This shrub is in Paris’ Royal Botanical Gardens. French Navy commander Gabriel Mathieu de Clieu visited Paris. De Clieu may have stolen coffee tree trimmings from King Louie or have been instructed to create a coffee plantation on Martinique.
The Coffee Journey Evolution Has Shaped Our Drinking Habit
De Clieu carried coffee trimmings to the Caribbean. De Clieu’s plant struggled to travel. He watered the plant while going thirsty himself. The coffee is grown among island flora. Three years ago, Martinique, St. Dominique, and Guadalupe grew coffee. These plants would spread to Central and South America. In 1730, Sir Nicholas Lawes introduced coffee to Jamaica. Coffee snowballed in the Blue Mountains.
Coffee-producing Brazil
Brazil produces the most coffee. What happened? Palheta, Francisco de. Francisco went to Guyana in 1727 to settle a Dutch-French dispute. He was determined to bring coffee to Brazil. A Brazilian colonel requested coffee seeds from the French Governor. He resorted to seduction when rebuffed. The French Governor’s wife offered Francisco clippings.
He developed the world’s largest coffee company with his cuttings. In 1852, Brazil became the world’s largest coffee producer. Brazil sent coffee to Kenya and Tanzania in 1893, near its East African birthplace.
American Coffee
1773 saw the Boston Tea Party and the American Revolution. Patriots dressed as American Indians sneaked onto English tea ships in Boston harbour and dumped the tea into the ocean to protest the tea tax. Coffee has become more patriotic than tea. Since then, the U.S. has imported the most coffee.
South and Central American economies benefit from bean dependency. America grows and imports coffee. Before Hawaii became a state, Brazilians sent coffee seedlings there in 1817. 1825 saw Kona’s first coffee orchard.
The Coffee Journey Evolution Has Shaped Our Drinking Habit
CUPPING TECHNOLOGY
In the 19th century, coffee was a global craze everywhere. Roasting, packaging, and brewing innovations have revolutionized coffee in 200 years.
Café Tech
The First Industrial Revolution coffee brewing device was the percolator. In 1818, Parisian metalworkers invented the device. Initial gadget functionality hasn’t been altered. James H. Nason developed the percolator in 1865. In 1864, we saw the first “modern” coffee roaster.
Jabez Burns invented the first non-fire roaster. He created the coffee roaster and became its grandpa. Mass coffee production may be a failure, but it was an achievement. 1871: John Arbuckle invents the coffee-packaging machine. Arbuckle’s was the world’s largest coffee importer, importing from South America.
In 1886, Maxwell House started.
The Coffee Journey Evolution Has Shaped Our Drinking Habit
Joel Cheek’s coffee mix is called Maxwell House. During WWII, Maxwell House instant coffee became popular. Espresso was created in 1901 by Luigi Bezzera. High-pressure water and steam are used in the world’s first commercial espresso machine. Luigi created the machine to save time for his workers. Modern coffee surpasses Luigi’s 1905 espresso tests.
Desiderio Pavoni improved Luigi’s coffee machine patent. Machine-made bitter coffee. Desiderio thought steam and heat generated bitterness. One hundred ninety-five degrees and 9 BAR. Achille Gaggia pressed coffee with a piston 40 years later. Cappuccino was created by adding cream to espresso shots.
Drip coffee improved in 1908.
Melitta Bentz made coffee filters from her son’s school papers. Her company was patented.
Nestle used Brazil’s coffee waste in the 1900s. Years spent developing freeze-dried instant coffee. Nescafé is the industry leader.
The 1920s: Prohibition. Drink less! The ban increased coffee sales. 1926’s Science Newsletter called coffee healthy.
Healthy and invigorating!
First-wave coffee
The 1960s coffee revolution A Dutchman, Alfred Peet’s father, roasted coffee. Alfred’s family coffee business moved to California in 1966. Early brew. Peet taught coffee-roasting in 1971. Over the holidays, his friends learned how to open stores. They used his roasted beans and retail setup in Seattle with Peet’s permission.
The Coffee Journey Evolution Has Shaped Our Drinking Habit
The first year, they bought a coffee roaster and sold beans. No brewed coffee. Starbucks sold beans in the 1970s. Howard Schultz joined Starbucks as Marketing Director in 1982. Milan’s cafés inspired him. Cafés were social centres with espresso. Howard tried to persuade the owners to serve excellent drinks. Their beans were quality.
In 1984, Starbucks bought Peet’s. Next year, Howard Schultz left Starbucks to start Il Giornale. In 1987, Schultz paid $3.8 million for Starbucks. He blended Starbucks with Italian cafés.
Starbucks has opened thousands of stores worldwide. Starbucks is meaningless. We appreciate their initiative. Starbucks led the U.S. coffee renaissance. Fresh-roasted, freshly-ground coffee is better than pre-ground tins. Starbucks created the contemporary café by combining roasted beans, coffee, and gathering spaces. Howard and his co-workers caused a Starbucks fire.
Growing coffee production. Starbucks is opening everywhere. Micro-roasted beans replace mass-produced coffee.
Burnt pour-over coffee.
People still want to improve the taste of coffee. Several companies are attempting to improve the leading coffee-producing countries’ economies. We can still improve our coffee story.
Coffee’s Background
How much has coffee grown? Coffee is the second-most traded commodity. Today, oil trading overtakes coffee sales, but for how long? 400 billion cups are consumed annually. Coffee will probably never end.
Coffee altered history.
Ancient monks and goat herders chewing coffee berries to barista competitions and heart-shaped lattes contributed to coffee’s history.
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